{"id":1700,"date":"2023-11-16T03:08:37","date_gmt":"2023-11-16T03:08:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cvsc.upcebu.edu.ph\/?p=1700"},"modified":"2025-05-21T06:28:26","modified_gmt":"2025-05-21T06:28:26","slug":"academic-freedom-and-democratic-development-in-the-philippines-findings-from-expert-coded-v-dem-data","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cvsc.upcebu.edu.ph\/index.php\/2023\/11\/16\/academic-freedom-and-democratic-development-in-the-philippines-findings-from-expert-coded-v-dem-data\/","title":{"rendered":"Academic Freedom and Democratic Development in the Philippines: Findings from Expert-coded V-Dem Data"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>[et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.26.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221;][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.26.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; column_structure=&#8221;1_2,1_2&#8243; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221;][et_pb_column _builder_version=&#8221;4.26.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; type=&#8221;1_2&#8243; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221;][et_pb_image src=&#8221;http:\/\/172.17.1.35\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Normal-Lights-Pernia.png&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.26.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221; title_text=&#8221;Normal Lights-Pernia&#8221; box_shadow_style=&#8221;preset4&#8243; box_shadow_blur=&#8221;18px&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243;][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column _builder_version=&#8221;4.26.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; type=&#8221;1_2&#8243; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.26.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243;]<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Authors<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"nova-legacy-l-flex__item research-detail-author-list__item research-detail-author-list__item--has-image\">\n<div class=\"publication-header-author\">\n<div data-testid=\"research-header-author-item\" class=\"nova-legacy-v-person-list-item has-image\">\n<div class=\"nova-legacy-l-flex__item nova-legacy-l-flex nova-legacy-l-flex--gutter-xs nova-legacy-l-flex--direction-row@s-up nova-legacy-l-flex--align-items-stretch@s-up nova-legacy-l-flex--justify-content-flex-start@s-up nova-legacy-l-flex--wrap-nowrap@s-up\">\n<div class=\"nova-legacy-l-flex__item nova-legacy-l-flex__item--grow nova-legacy-v-person-list-item__body\">\n<div class=\"nova-legacy-v-person-list-item__stack nova-legacy-v-person-list-item__stack--gutter-s\">\n<div class=\"nova-legacy-v-person-list-item__stack-item\">\n<div class=\"nova-legacy-v-person-list-item__align\">\n<div class=\"nova-legacy-v-person-list-item__align-content\">\n<h4 class=\"nova-legacy-e-text nova-legacy-e-text--size-m nova-legacy-e-text--family-display nova-legacy-e-text--spacing-none nova-legacy-e-text--color-inherit nova-legacy-v-person-list-item__title\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>Ronald A. Pernia<\/strong><\/span><br \/>College of Social Sciences, University of the Philippines Cebu<\/h4>\n<div class=\"nova-legacy-e-text nova-legacy-e-text--size-m nova-legacy-e-text--family-display nova-legacy-e-text--spacing-none nova-legacy-e-text--color-inherit nova-legacy-v-person-list-item__title\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"nova-legacy-e-text nova-legacy-e-text--size-m nova-legacy-e-text--family-display nova-legacy-e-text--spacing-none nova-legacy-e-text--color-inherit nova-legacy-v-person-list-item__title\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"nova-legacy-e-text nova-legacy-e-text--size-m nova-legacy-e-text--family-display nova-legacy-e-text--spacing-none nova-legacy-e-text--color-inherit nova-legacy-v-person-list-item__title\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"nova-legacy-e-text nova-legacy-e-text--size-m nova-legacy-e-text--family-display nova-legacy-e-text--spacing-none nova-legacy-e-text--color-inherit nova-legacy-v-person-list-item__title\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"nova-legacy-e-text nova-legacy-e-text--size-m nova-legacy-e-text--family-display nova-legacy-e-text--spacing-none nova-legacy-e-text--color-inherit nova-legacy-v-person-list-item__title\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h4 class=\"nova-legacy-v-person-list-item__footer\"><strong><br \/>Rohaiba B. Radiamoda<\/strong><\/h4>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"nova-legacy-l-flex__item nova-legacy-l-flex__item--shrink\">\n<div class=\"nova-legacy-v-person-list-item__align\">\n<div class=\"nova-legacy-v-person-list-item__align-content\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"nova-legacy-l-flex__item research-detail-author-list__item research-detail-author-list__item--has-image\">\n<div class=\"publication-header-author\">\n<div data-testid=\"research-header-author-item\" class=\"nova-legacy-v-person-list-item has-image\">\n<div class=\"nova-legacy-l-flex__item nova-legacy-l-flex nova-legacy-l-flex--gutter-xs nova-legacy-l-flex--direction-row@s-up nova-legacy-l-flex--align-items-stretch@s-up nova-legacy-l-flex--justify-content-flex-start@s-up nova-legacy-l-flex--wrap-nowrap@s-up\">\n<div class=\"nova-legacy-l-flex__item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/profile\/Rohaiba-Radiamoda\"><picture class=\"lite-page-avatar lite-page-avatar--size-m lite-page-avatar--radius-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/c5.rgstatic.net\/m\/4671872220764\/images\/template\/default\/profile\/profile_default_m.jpg\" data-src=\"https:\/\/c5.rgstatic.net\/m\/4671872220764\/images\/template\/default\/profile\/profile_default_m.jpg\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/c5.rgstatic.net\/m\/4671872220764\/images\/template\/default\/profile\/profile_default_m.jpg 1x, https:\/\/c5.rgstatic.net\/m\/437738464651637\/images\/template\/default\/profile\/profile_default_l.jpg 2x\" class=\"lite-image\" alt=\"Rohaiba Radiamoda at National Sun Yat-sen University\" srcset=\"https:\/\/c5.rgstatic.net\/m\/4671872220764\/images\/template\/default\/profile\/profile_default_m.jpg 1x, https:\/\/c5.rgstatic.net\/m\/437738464651637\/images\/template\/default\/profile\/profile_default_l.jpg 2x\" \/><\/picture><\/a><\/div>\n<div class=\"nova-legacy-l-flex__item nova-legacy-l-flex__item--grow nova-legacy-v-person-list-item__body\">\n<div class=\"nova-legacy-v-person-list-item__stack nova-legacy-v-person-list-item__stack--gutter-s\">\n<div class=\"nova-legacy-v-person-list-item__stack-item\">\n<div class=\"nova-legacy-v-person-list-item__align\">\n<div class=\"nova-legacy-v-person-list-item__align-content\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.26.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221;][et_pb_column _builder_version=&#8221;4.26.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.26.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243;]<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Abstract<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span>In this paper, we argue that academic freedom is not only an indispensable mechanism for producing knowledge but is also vital in maintaining a strong democracy. Leveraging on the newly released dataset assessing the state of academic freedom globally, we empirically demonstrate how higher levels of academic freedom are associated with greater increases in democratic development using the Philippines as a national case study. Multiple regression analysis shows that a one-unit increase in the level of academic freedom index is associated with an 11% increase in the liberal democracy index score, which suggests a positive linear relationship. Overall, the findings have implications for policymakers and other stakeholders. Ultimately, we hope that teachers will not be discouraged from fostering critical thinking, but also that students are able to exercise these hard-fought ideals and principles towards better understanding the persisting enigma that is Philippine society.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.26.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; column_structure=&#8221;1_2,1_2&#8243; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221; box_shadow_style=&#8221;preset1&#8243; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243;][et_pb_column _builder_version=&#8221;4.26.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; type=&#8221;1_2&#8243; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.26.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243;]<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"t m0 x3 h8 y25 ffa fs0 fc1 sc0 ls2 ws12\"><strong>Keywords:<\/strong><\/h3>\n<div class=\"t m0 x3 h8 y25 ffa fs0 fc1 sc0 ls2 ws12\"><span class=\"ff7 ws19\"><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"t m0 x3 h8 y25 ffa fs0 fc1 sc0 ls2 ws12\"><span class=\"ff7 ws19\">Academic freedom, democracy, higher <\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"t m0 x3 h8 y26 ff7 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls2 ws1a\">education institutions (HEI), Philippines, V<span class=\"_ _0\"><\/span>arieties of<\/div>\n<div class=\"t m0 x3 h8 y27 ff7 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls2 ws0\">Democracy (V<span class=\"_ _0\"><\/span>-Dem)<\/div>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column _builder_version=&#8221;4.26.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; type=&#8221;1_2&#8243; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.26.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243;]<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Link to the article<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/374559698_Academic_Freedom_and_Democratic_Development_in_the_Philippines_Findings_from_Expert-coded_V-Dem_Data\">https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/374559698_Academic_Freedom_and_Democratic_Development_in_the_Philippines_Findings_from_Expert-coded_V-Dem_Data<\/a>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Authors &nbsp; Ronald A. PerniaCollege of Social Sciences, University of the Philippines Cebu Rohaiba B. Radiamoda Abstract &nbsp; In this paper, we argue that academic freedom is not only an indispensable mechanism for producing knowledge but is also vital in maintaining a strong democracy. Leveraging on the newly released dataset assessing the state of academic [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1700","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-recent-publications"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cvsc.upcebu.edu.ph\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1700","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cvsc.upcebu.edu.ph\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cvsc.upcebu.edu.ph\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cvsc.upcebu.edu.ph\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cvsc.upcebu.edu.ph\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1700"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/cvsc.upcebu.edu.ph\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1700\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1931,"href":"https:\/\/cvsc.upcebu.edu.ph\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1700\/revisions\/1931"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cvsc.upcebu.edu.ph\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1700"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cvsc.upcebu.edu.ph\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1700"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cvsc.upcebu.edu.ph\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1700"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}